ENGLISH TENSES

RUMUS 16 TENSES BAHASA INGGRIS

RUMUS 16 TENSES

BY : BENNY

Kata Kerja

Kata Kerja adalah bagian inti dari Tenses Bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada rumus-rumus Tenses di blog ini, Kata kerja atau Verb ini sering saya singkat V saja. Jadi kalau V+ing artinya sama dengan Verb+ing, sering juga saya tulis sebagai “Ving” saja agar mudah.

Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak bentuknya: V1, V2, V3, Ving.

Kata Kerja bentuk 1 atau saya singkat V1, yaitu kata kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go, write, read, participate, learn, study, dan sebagainya. Ada kata kerja bentuk ke 2, sering saya singkat V2. Kata kerja bentuk 3 ya V3. Serta Kata Kerja bentuk ING atau saya singkat Ving. Bagaimana cara menggunakan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja tersebut? Ada di masing-masing pelajaran Tenses Bahasa Inggris.

Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja

Perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V1) ke bentuk kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada yang beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan ada juga yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada rumusnya). Wah memamg inilah yang membuat bahasa Inggris ini menjadi rumit bagi kita orang Indonesia, haha.

Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):

Artinya ya mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya, ada rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED” seperti: live – lived – lived, play, played, played.

EXAMPLES OF VERB CHANGE IN REGULAR

NO	VERB 1	VERB 2	VERB 3	MEANING
1	Study	Studied	Studied	belajar
2	Cook	Cooked	Cooked	memasak
3	Live	Lived	Lived	Tinggal, hidup
4	Look	Looked	Looked	lihat
5	Arrange	Arranged	Arranged	Mengatur
6	Love	Loved	Loved	Suka, cinta
7	Like	Liked	Liked	Suka

Walaupun ada aturannya tetapi aturan perubahan tersebut masih ada beberapa. Daftar kata kerja beraturan ini pun panjang sekali. Saya sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar Bahasa Inggris walaupun yang kecil dan sederhana, biasanya ada di sana. Memang Anda mau menulsinya disini satu per satu?.

Kata Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular Verb):

EXAMPLES OF VERB CHANGE IN IRREGULAR

NO	VERB 1	VERB 2	VERB 3	MEANING
1	Go	Went	Gone	Pergi
2	Sing	Sang	Sung	Bernyanyi
3	Sweep	Swept	Swept	Menyapu
4	Ring	Rang	Rung	Berdering
5	Put	Put	Put	Meletakkan
6	Cut	Cut	Cut	Memotong
7	Let	Let	Let	Membiarkan

Misalnya kata kerja “drink” berturut-turut untuk bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank-drunk. Satu contoh lain lagi: break-broke-broken

Masih ingat V1, V2, V3 dan Ving? Jangan lupa apa itu artinya ya, karena akan sering dipergunakan dalam setiap  tenses bahasa inggris

1. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)

a. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)

Rumus :

+ } S + V1 + O/C

- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C

? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C

Example :

+ } Sisca Reads book everyday.

- } Sisca does not Read book everyday.

? } Does Sisca Read book everyday?

Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)

For I, We, You, They = do

He, She, It = Does

Contoh kalimat :

(+) She is a new comer here.

(+) He plays football every morning.

(-) She isn’t a new comer here.

(-) He is not playing football every morning.

(?) Is she a new person here?

(?) How is he playing football every morning?

b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)

Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yabg sedang berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.

Rumus :

+ } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C            >>           + } They are playing badmintoon now.

- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C >>           – } They are not playing badmintoon now.

? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C            >>           ? } Are they palaying badmintoon now ?

Yes They are / no they are not

For I = am

They, we, you = are

He, She, It = Is

Contoh dalam kalimat :

(+) He is playing badminton now.

(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.

(?) Is he playing badminton now?

c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb+main verb

Contoh :

(+) You have eaten mine.

(-) She has not been to Rome

(?) Have you finished?

d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

(+): S + have/has + been + Ving

(-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving

(?): Have/has + S + been + Ving

Contoh :

(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.

(+) We have been riding a horse for three days.

(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.

(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.

(?) Has she been going to Malang ?

(?) Has He been riding a horse for three days ?

2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)

a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)

Rumus :

+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C

-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C

?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C

Example :

+} We were at school yesterday.

-} We were not at school yesterday.

?} Were we at school yesterday ?

For I, He, She, It = Was

They, we, you = were

Contoh :

(+) I saw a good film last night

(+) He came here last month

(-) I didn’t see a good film last night

(-) He didn’t come here last month

(?) Did I watch a good film last night?

(?) Did he stay here last month?

b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)

Rumus :

(+): S + was/were + Ving

(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving

(?): Was/Were + S + Ving

Contoh :

(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week

(+) They were talking about sport when I met him

(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last week

(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him

(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week

(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him

c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

(+): S + had + V3

(-): S + had + not + V3

(?): Had + S + V3

Contoh :

(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle

(+) The ship had left before I arrived

(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle

(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived

(?) Had I started my motorcycle , when my brother arrived ?

(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?

d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) They had been living there for two month

(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton

(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month

(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton

(?) Had they been living there for two month?

(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?

3. Future Tense (Akan Datang)

a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.

(+) He will met his girl friend by seven o’clock

(?) Will he go to America next month?

(+) President shall arrive at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(-) President shall not arrive at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(?) Shall President arrive at Nederland the day after tomorrow?

b. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will be writing a comic.

(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.

(-) I will not writing a comic.

(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.

(?) Will I be writing a comic ?

(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?

c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) Iwill have finished by 10 am.

(+) You will have forgotten me by then.

(-) Shally will not have gone to school.

(-) We will not have left.

(?) Will you have arrived?

(?) Will they have received it?

d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will have been reading a news paper.

(+) He will have been listening to  music.

(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.

(-) He will haven’t listening to a music.

(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?

(?) Will He have listening to a music ?

4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

a. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + V1

Negatif: S + would + not + V1

Tanya:  Would + S + V1

Contoh :

(+) He would come if you invited him.

(+) They would buy a home the previous day.

(-) He wouldn’t come if Anita invited him.

(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.

(?) Would He come if Anita invited him ?

(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?

b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + be + Ving

Negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving

Tanya: Would + S + be + Ving

Contoh :

(+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.

(+) I shall be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following day.

(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?

(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?

c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + have + V3

Negatif: S + would + not + have + V3

Tanya: Would + S + have + V3

Contoh :

(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.

(+) Nonok will have studied Math by the end of this week.

(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling.

(-) Nonok will have not studied Math by the end of this week.

(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling?

(?) Will Nonok have studied Math by the end of this week ?

d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + have + been + Ving

Negatif: S + would + not + have + been + Ving

Tanya: Would + S + have + been + Ving

Contoh :

Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years.

(+) Mrs. Anisa Wati would have been walking here for seventeen years.

(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years.

(-) Mrs. Anisa Wati wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen years.

(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking English for two years.

(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Wati have been walking here for seventeen years?

(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?